Health Areas › Newborn, Child, and Adolescent Health
Newborn, Child, and Adolescent Health
Area 11 in the list of seventeen published by the Saudi National Institute of Health in June 2025. Order follows SNIH's published list: that number is SNIH's own position for the area; it is not a ranking by this site and it says nothing about how much research this area should receive.
This area is matched to research by its subject headings, Infant, Newborn, Diseases (C16.614); plus papers whose MeSH age groups include Infant (M01.060.703, incl. Infant, Newborn), Child (M01.060.406, incl. Child, Preschool) or Adolescent (M01.060.057), whether or not adult age groups are also present, and to disease burden by the WHO cause-to-area table v0.4. The match is partial, so the burden shown is the burden of selected WHO proxy causes and no ratio is given.
A paper or study can count in more than one area. Areas as published by the Saudi National Institute of Health (SNIH), June 2025, applied to 2021–2025 retrospectively, for description only. A Saudi affiliation is not the same as research on the Saudi population.
Partial. Burden of selected WHO proxy causes. The two shares are shown side by side with no ratio.
Order follows SNIH's published list: area 11 of seventeen.
Coverage Of The Underlying Corpus · 2021–2025
On the same selection, before the area filter. Papers without MeSH terms stay in this coverage line; they are never in any area or in the grey row. It describes the corpus, not how completely this area’s research is captured.
Papers without MeSH terms cannot be assigned to any area, so this profile is never a complete count of the area’s research, and it does not measure how completely that research is captured. Coverage: records captured by the named sources that meet the published eligibility rules; coverage is not exhaustive.
Eligible publications with MeSH terms
60.6%
PubMed with OpenAlex · 2021–2025
Eligible publications matched to any area
41.3%
PubMed with OpenAlex · 2021–2025
The Burden This Area Carries
Burden Share & Research Share
Burden: WHO Global Health Estimates, 2023 · research: 2021–2025
Share of national disease burden: burden of selected WHO proxy causes
Source: WHO Global Health Estimates, 2023, through the WHO cause-to-area table v0.4. All-age disability-adjusted life years for one named year.
17.0%
WHO · 2023
Research share among MeSH-indexed eligible publications
Eligible publications in this area, 2021–2025, divided by all eligible publications with MeSH terms in the same selection, before the area filter. Shares across the seventeen areas do not sum to 100%.
12.6%
of the eligible publications with MeSH terms · 2021–2025
Research-share-to-burden-share ratio
Shown because this area is a close match. A ratio of 1 means equal shares under these definitions; it does not establish adequate research effort or funding, and it carries no judgement about what the right figure would be.
Not shown. Not yet computed, below the threshold for a reliable figure, or the only source is too old to print. The reason is always given.
—
Not shown the ratio is given only for a close match.
Recorded Research
Three Counts, Never One Total
Papers and registrations are counted separately, never added together.
A paper, a clinical trial and an observational registration are different kinds of record, so this area carries three separate counts. They are never added together.
Papers and registrations are different kinds of record. They are counted separately and never added together, anywhere on this site. Counts describe recorded activity; they do not assess quality, benefit or performance.
Registrations are ClinicalTrials.gov records; a listed site doesn't prove recruitment in Saudi Arabia.
Journals that follow ICMJE policy require clinical trials to be registered before enrolment begins, in ClinicalTrials.gov or another accepted registry; observational studies have no such requirement, so registered observational studies are a small, selective part of observational research. These figures count studies recorded in ClinicalTrials.gov; they do not measure total research volume, study completion or financial investment.
Trials and observational studies are those listing a Saudi site. A listed site does not prove that participants were recruited in Saudi Arabia. Withdrawn studies and expanded-access records are not counted.
Publications
PubMed and OpenAlex · research-related papers with a Saudi affiliation carrying Infant, Newborn, Diseases (C16.614); plus papers whose MeSH age groups include Infant (M01.060.703, incl. Infant, Newborn), Child (M01.060.406, incl. Child, Preschool) or Adolescent (M01.060.057), whether or not adult age groups are also present · 2021–2025
PubMed with OpenAlex · 2021–2025 provisional
Clinical trials
ClinicalTrials.gov · interventional, listing a Saudi site · 2021–2025
ClinicalTrials.gov · 2021–2025 provisional
Observational studies
ClinicalTrials.gov · observational registrations listing a Saudi site · 2021–2025
ClinicalTrials.gov · 2021–2025 provisional
Research-related papers in this area, by year of earliest publication. The axis starts at zero and ends at 2,000.
Research-related papers in this area, 2021–2025, in the five study groups. The axis starts at zero and ends at 5,000.
Trials in this area, 2021–2025. A trial registered across two phases counts in both. The axis starts at zero and ends at 100.
Trials in this area, 2021–2025, by status as the registry records it on the day ClinicalTrials.gov processed the data. The axis starts at zero and ends at 100. Statuses open largest first.
Observational studies in this area, 2021–2025, by status as the registry records it. The axis starts at zero and ends at 5. Statuses open largest first.
Industry
Industry In This Area
The area's three counts narrowed to industry: research papers coded industry-involved, industry-led clinical trials and industry-led observational studies, each with its share of the area's own count. They are three kinds of record and are never added together.
Industry in papers comes from each paper's own industry code; industry in registrations comes from the lead sponsor. They are different measures of different records and are never combined.
Industry in registrations means a lead sponsor that is a company making or selling health products (drugs, vaccines, biotechnology, devices, diagnostics, health software or medical nutrition), as the industry guide defines it in its section two, or a contract research organisation with such a company listed as collaborator. Hospital groups and other providers that ClinicalTrials.gov labels “industry” are not counted. Withdrawn studies are not counted.
Journals that follow ICMJE policy require clinical trials to be registered before enrolment begins, in ClinicalTrials.gov or another accepted registry; observational studies have no such requirement, so registered observational studies are a small, selective part of observational research. These figures count studies recorded in ClinicalTrials.gov; they do not measure total research volume, study completion or financial investment.
Counts describe recorded activity; they do not measure investment, quality or performance.
Industry involvement in papers is a lower bound.
Industry involvement is identified from the paper's own record and registration; it does not establish financial investment and is a lower bound.
Industry-involved publications
3% of the 5,165 research papers in the area
PubMed with OpenAlex · 2021–2025 provisional
Industry-led clinical trials
15% of the 89 clinical trials in the area
ClinicalTrials.gov · 2021–2025 provisional
Industry-led observational studies
29% of the 7 observational studies in the area
ClinicalTrials.gov · 2021–2025 provisional
Companies
Companies Leading Studies In This Area
Every company credited with at least one industry-led clinical trial or observational study in this area, 2021–2025, with both counts: two counts, never one total. Each study is credited to one company, exactly as the industry-led counts decide it: its lead sponsor or, for a contract research organisation's study, its company collaborator listed in the registration. So the companies' studies add up to the area's industry-led counts. A study in several areas counts in each. Names are shown as registered, with no grouping into parent companies.
There is no rank column. The list opens with the most clinical trials, ties A–Z. Every count above zero opens its records.
Only studies listing a Saudi site are counted. Industry in registrations means a lead sponsor that is a company making or selling health products (drugs, vaccines, biotechnology, devices, diagnostics, health software or medical nutrition), as the industry guide defines it in its section two, or a contract research organisation with such a company listed as collaborator. Hospital groups and other providers that ClinicalTrials.gov labels “industry” are not counted. Withdrawn studies are not counted.
Journals that follow ICMJE policy require clinical trials to be registered before enrolment begins, in ClinicalTrials.gov or another accepted registry; observational studies have no such requirement, so registered observational studies are a small, selective part of observational research. These figures count studies recorded in ClinicalTrials.gov; they do not measure total research volume, study completion or financial investment.
The counts describe registered activity; they do not measure investment, quality or performance.
Showing 2021–2025 provisional
Registrations are ClinicalTrials.gov records; a listed site doesn't prove recruitment in Saudi Arabia.
A listed site does not prove that participants were recruited in Saudi Arabia. Withdrawn studies and expanded-access records are not counted.
| Company | Clinical trials | Observational studies |
|---|---|---|
| Inozyme Pharma | 0 | |
| Novo Nordisk A/S | 0 | |
| Amgen | 0 | |
| Biogen | 0 | |
| Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC | 0 | |
| Novartis Pharmaceuticals | 0 | |
| Pfizer | 0 | |
| Sanofi | 0 | |
| Société des Produits Nestlé (SPN) | ||
| Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc | 0 | |
| Vifor Pharma, Inc. | 0 | |
| Ausnutria Hyproca B.V. | 0 |
Institutions
Institutions In This Area
Every institution on the approved list with at least one research-related publication, clinical trial or observational study in this area, 2021–2025. Three counts, never one total: a paper, a clinical trial and an observational registration are different kinds of record.
They are counted exactly as on Institutions & Clusters: publications in full; a parent institution's row also counts its units' papers and studies, so rows overlap and are never added together; clinical trials and observational studies count registrations listing the institution as a site, and a listed site does not prove that participants were recruited there. Institutions are named as OpenAlex records them.
There is no rank column. The list opens with the most publications, ties A–Z; the switch orders it by clinical trials, observational studies or A–Z. Every count above zero opens its records. No citation measure is given here.
140 of the area's 5,165 research papers have no Saudi institution identified and count in no institution · PubMed with OpenAlex · 2021–2025 provisional
of
| Institution | Publications | Clinical trials | Observational studies |
|---|---|---|---|
| King Saud University | 0 | ||
| King Abdulaziz University | 0 | ||
| King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre | 0 | ||
| King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences | 0 | 0 | |
| King Abdullah International Medical Research Center | 0 | ||
| National Guard Health Affairs | 0 | 0 | |
| Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University | 0 | 0 | |
| Alfaisal University | 0 | 0 | |
| Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University | 0 | ||
| Ministry of Health | 0 | 0 | |
| Qassim University | 0 | ||
| King Abdulaziz Medical City | 0 | ||
| King Khalid University | 0 | 0 | |
| Jazan University | 0 | ||
| King Saud Medical City | 0 | 0 | |
| Umm al-Qura University | 0 | ||
| King Fahd Medical City | 0 | ||
| Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University | 0 | ||
| Taibah University | 0 | ||
| Jouf University | |||
| King Faisal University | 0 | 0 | |
| Taif University | 0 | 0 | |
| Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital | 0 | 0 | |
| King Abdul Aziz University Hospital | 0 | ||
| Majmaah University | 0 | 0 | |
| University of Ha'il | 0 | ||
| University of Tabuk | 0 | 0 | |
| Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University | 0 | 0 | |
| King Fahad Specialist Hospital (location not recorded) | 0 | 0 | |
| University of Jeddah | 0 | 0 | |
| Jeddah First Health Cluster | 0 | 0 | |
| Najran University | 0 | 0 | |
| King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital | 0 | 0 | |
| King Abdulaziz Hospital (Jeddah First Health Cluster) | 0 | 0 | |
| Effat University | 0 | 0 | |
| King Fahd Hospital of the University | 0 | 0 | |
| Saudi Aramco (Saudi Arabia) | 0 | 0 | |
| Saudi Aramco Medical Services Organization | 0 | 0 | |
| Almaarefa University | 0 | 0 | |
| King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital | 0 | 0 | |
| University of Bisha | 0 | 0 | |
| Al Baha University | 0 | 0 | |
| King Abdullah University of Science and Technology | 0 | 0 | |
| Northern Border University | 0 | 0 | |
| Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences | 0 | 0 | |
| Shaqra University | 0 | 0 | |
| King Salman Center for Disability Research | 0 | 0 | |
| Maternity and Children's Hospital (location not recorded) | 0 | 0 | |
| Riyadh Elm University | 0 | ||
| Security Forces Hospital | 0 | ||
| Batterjee Medical College | 0 | ||
| Dar Al Uloom University | 0 | 0 | |
| Armed Forces Hospital (location not recorded) | 0 | 0 | |
| King Fahad Central Hospital (location not recorded) | 0 | 0 | |
| Saudi Electronic University | 0 | 0 | |
| King Khalid University Hospital | 0 | 0 | |
| King Abdullah Medical City | 0 | 0 | |
| Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences | 0 | 0 | |
| Qatif Central Hospital | 0 | 0 | |
| Armed Forces Hospital Southern Region | 0 | 0 | |
| King Fahad Hospital Jeddah | 0 | 0 | |
| Saudi Food and Drug Authority | 0 | 0 | |
| East Jeddah Hospital | 0 | 0 | |
| Asir Central Hospital | 0 | 0 | |
| International Medical Center in Jeddah | 0 | 0 | |
| King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology | 0 | 0 | |
| Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital | 0 | 0 | |
| Soliman Fakeeh Hospital | 0 | 0 | |
| Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies | 0 | 0 | |
| Prince Sultan University | 0 | 0 | |
| Sulaiman Al Rajhi Colleges | 0 | 0 | |
| University of Hafr Al-Batin | 0 | 0 | |
| King Fahd Military Medical Complex | 0 | 0 | |
| Ministry of Defense | 0 | 0 | |
| Mohammed Almana College for Medical Sciences | 0 | 0 | |
| Buraydah Colleges | 0 | 0 | |
| King Fahad Hospital Hufūf | 0 | 0 | |
| National Center for Mental Health Promotion | 0 | 0 | |
| King Khaled Hospital (location not recorded) | 0 | 0 | |
| Islamic University of Madinah | 0 | 0 | |
| Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control | 0 | 0 | |
| King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals | 0 | 0 | |
| Ministry of Education | 0 | 0 | |
| Hera General Hospital | 0 | 0 | |
| Naif Arab University for Security Sciences | 0 | 0 | |
| Aljazeera Hospital (location not recorded) | 0 | 0 | |
| Dammam Central Hospital | 0 | 0 | |
| Dhahran Health Center | 0 | 0 | |
| Inaya Medical Colleges | 0 | 0 | |
| King Abdulaziz Hospital (location not recorded) | 0 | 0 | |
| Saudi Commission for Health Specialties | 0 | 0 | |
| Saudi Health Council | 0 | 0 | |
| Dar Al-Hekma University | 0 | 0 | |
| Imam Abdulrahman Al Faisal Hospital | 0 | 0 | |
| North Private College of Nursing | 0 | 0 | |
| Northern Area Armed Forces Hospital | 0 | 0 | |
| Onaizah Colleges | 0 | 0 | |
| Prince Mohammad bin Fahd University | 0 | 0 | |
| Royal Commission Medical Center | 0 | 0 | |
| Saudi National Institute of Health | 0 | 0 | |
| Saudi Water Authority | 0 | 0 | |
| Al Amal Hospital Jeddah | 0 | 0 | |
| Al-Ghad International Health Sciences Colleges | 0 | 0 | |
| Al-Thagher General Hospital | 0 | 0 | |
| Dr. Samir Abbas Hospital | 0 | 0 | |
| General Directorate of Health Affairs in Riyadh Region | 0 | 0 | |
| Institute of Public Administration | 0 | 0 | |
| Jeddah Regional Laboratory | 0 | 0 | |
| Magrabi Hospitals and Centers | 0 | 0 | |
| Procare Riaya Hospital | 0 | ||
| Saud Al-babtain Cardiac Centre | 0 | 0 | |
| Saudi ADHD Society | 0 | 0 | |
| Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation | 0 | 0 | |
| Saudi Toxicology Society | 0 | 0 | |
| University of Business and Technology | 0 | 0 |
Clinical Trials
Clinical Trials By Intervention Type
The area's clinical trials, 2021–2025, by ClinicalTrials.gov's intervention type, with the industry-led part. A trial with several intervention types counts in each, so the bars are never added together and can sum to more than the area's 89 trials. “Other” is the registry's own type; it comes last, as “Not recorded” would. The list opens largest first, ties A–Z. Each count above zero opens its records. Observational studies are not shown by type.
The axis starts at zero and ends at 50.
All trials Industry-led trials
ClinicalTrials.gov · 2021–2025 provisional
National Health Facts · Saudi Arabia
Newborn, Child, and Adolescent Health: National Health Facts
National health facts checked against their sources: 4 November 2026 to 5 November 2026.
Each card names its source in short; its ⓘ gives the full source. The full view below holds every fact with its full source.
Estimate. Estimated or modelled by its source, not counted directly.
National figures for all residents unless stated.
At A Glance
6.2
deaths before age 5 per 1,000 live births (2023)
Estimate Ministry of Health · 2023
Estimate Ministry of Health, Saudi Global Health Report: SDGs & WHO 100 Core Indicators, version 1.0 (updated 30 August 2025) · 2023
2.9
deaths in the first 28 days per 1,000 live births (2024)
Estimate UN IGME, via WHO · 2024
Estimate UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation, via the WHO data portal (rows updated 30 September 2026) · 2024 · 1.6 to 4.7, 90% uncertainty interval
98%
of infants received three doses of DTP vaccine (2025)
Estimate WHO and UNICEF · 2025
Estimate WHO/UNICEF estimates of national immunization coverage, via the WHO data portal · 2025
Show Health Facts & SourcesHide Health Facts & Sources
Burden
Lost healthy life by cause at ages 0–19, 2023 (WHO estimates; the area covers every DALY at these ages, by the project's cause table v0.4). DALYs are the years of healthy life lost to illness, disability or early death.
Source: WHO Global Health Estimates, 2023
Key Indicators
Deaths per 1,000 live births; shaded bands are the 90% uncertainty intervals
Under 5 years Under 1 year First 28 days
Show The Figures
| Series | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Under 5 years | 9.07.7 to 10.5 | 8.57.2 to 10.1 | 8.06.6 to 9.8 | 7.66.2 to 9.5 | 7.25.7 to 9.3 | 6.95.3 to 9.2 | 6.75.0 to 9.0 | 6.44.6 to 9.0 | 6.24.3 to 8.9 | 6.04.1 to 8.9 |
| Under 1 year | 7.36.2 to 8.5 | 6.85.7 to 8.1 | 6.45.3 to 7.8 | 6.04.9 to 7.5 | 5.74.5 to 7.3 | 5.44.2 to 7.2 | 5.23.9 to 7.1 | 5.03.6 to 7.0 | 4.83.4 to 7.0 | 4.73.2 to 7.0 |
| First 28 days | 4.53.4 to 5.7 | 4.23.1 to 5.4 | 3.92.8 to 5.2 | 3.72.5 to 5.1 | 3.52.3 to 4.9 | 3.32.1 to 4.9 | 3.22.0 to 4.8 | 3.11.9 to 4.7 | 3.01.7 to 4.7 | 2.91.6 to 4.7 |
Intervals: 90% uncertainty interval · Source: UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation, via the WHO data portal (rows updated 30 September 2026)
| Series | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DTP3 coverage | 98% | 98% | 98% | 96% | 96% | 95% | 97% | 98% | 97% | 97% | 98% |
| Measles second dose | 96% | 96% | 96% | 97% | 96% | 96% | 97% | 98% | 96% | 96% | 99% |
Source: WHO/UNICEF estimates of national immunization coverage, via the WHO data portal
Where Sources Differ
| Measure | Figure | What it is | Why the figures differ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Under-5 mortality | 6.2 | under-5 mortality per 1,000 live births, UN Statistics estimate, as reported by the Ministry of Health, 2023Ministry of Health, Saudi Global Health Report: SDGs & WHO 100 Core Indicators, version 1.0 (updated 30 August 2025) · 2023 | The Ministry of Health's registry rates are crude rates from its mortality registry; the UN's are modelled estimates. The reason for the gap has not been established. |
| 11.79 | under-5 mortality per 1,000 live births, Ministry of Health registry, 2023Ministry of Health, Statistical Yearbook 2023, Table 1-6 · 2023 | The Ministry of Health's registry rates are crude rates from its mortality registry; the UN's are modelled estimates. The reason for the gap has not been established. | |
| Infant mortality | 4.8 | infant mortality per 1,000 live births, UN estimate, 2023UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation, via the WHO data portal (rows updated 30 September 2026) · 2023 | The Ministry of Health's registry rates are crude rates from its mortality registry; the UN's are modelled estimates. The reason for the gap has not been established. |
| 9.01 | infant mortality per 1,000 live births, Ministry of Health Statistical Yearbook, 2023Ministry of Health, Statistical Yearbook 2023, Table 1-6 · 2023 | The Ministry of Health's registry rates are crude rates from its mortality registry; the UN's are modelled estimates. The reason for the gap has not been established. | |
| 4.88 | infant mortality per 1,000 live births, Ministry of Health Saudi Global Health Report, 2023Ministry of Health, Saudi Global Health Report: SDGs & WHO 100 Core Indicators, version 1.0 (updated 30 August 2025) · 2023 | The Ministry of Health's registry rates are crude rates from its mortality registry; the UN's are modelled estimates. The reason for the gap has not been established. | |
| Neonatal mortality | 3.0 | neonatal mortality per 1,000 live births, UN estimate, 2023UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation, via the WHO data portal (rows updated 30 September 2026) · 2023 | The Ministry of Health's registry rates are crude rates from its mortality registry; the UN's are modelled estimates. The reason for the gap has not been established. |
| 5.20 | neonatal mortality per 1,000 live births, Ministry of Health registry, 2023Ministry of Health, Statistical Yearbook 2023, Table 1-6 · 2023 | The Ministry of Health's registry rates are crude rates from its mortality registry; the UN's are modelled estimates. The reason for the gap has not been established. |
Sources Of These Facts
- Ministry of Health, Saudi Global Health Report: SDGs & WHO 100 Core Indicators, version 1.0 (updated 30 August 2025)
- UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation, via the WHO data portal (rows updated 30 September 2026)
- WHO/UNICEF estimates of national immunization coverage, via the WHO data portal
- WHO Global Health Estimates, 2023
- Ministry of Health, Statistical Yearbook 2023, Table 1-6
About These Figures
How This Area Is Matched
A paper belongs to this area when any of its subject headings is one of the area's headings or sits beneath it. Registered studies use the same headings, applied to the conditions the registry records. Only records carrying subject headings can be assigned at all, and coverage is reported for every selection.
What This Page Does Not Say
Nothing here assesses quality, benefit or performance, and no figure on it should be read as a target. The research-share-to-burden-share ratio compares two shares; it does not establish that research in this area is too much, too little or correctly aimed. Counts describe what is recorded, which is not the same as what was done.
Where The Figures Come From
Publications from PubMed matched with OpenAlex; trials and observational studies from ClinicalTrials.gov. Area assignment follows the SNIH 17-area research dictionary v1.2; burden follows the WHO cause-to-area table v0.4. Both are published in full on the methods page.
Records Behind This Figure
* Not final: counts for these years usually rise at later updates, as many studies are registered after they start and recent papers are still being added. On this page: trials and publications 2025; observational studies 2024–2025.